eRealMedia

How to Fix “Missing NTLDR..” Problem?

"Missing NTLD.." during boot time of Windows XP as well as Windows 2000/NT is a common problem of Microsoft Windows.  If you don't have crucial data on your hard drive (drive C: where you have installed Windows) then you can simply install fresh Windows removing all previous Windows data to solve this problem. But imagine if you have important files on your hard drive. Here is how problem screen looks like How to fix such problem?

Method 1: Simple and easy
Install new Windows XP or Windows 2000 using Windows bootable CD. The problem with such fix is that all your data will be lost.

Method 2: Use the Recovery Console
1.    Use the Windows 2000/Windows XP Setup disks to restart the computer, or use the Windows 2000/Windows XP  CD-ROM to restart the computer.
2.    At the Welcome to Setup screen, press R to repair the Windows 2000/Windows XP installation.
3.    Press C to repair the Windows 2000/Windows XP installation by using the Recovery Console.
4.    Type the number that corresponds to the Windows installation that you want to repair, and then press ENTER. For example, type 1, and then press ENTER.
5.    Type the Administrator password, and then press ENTER.
6.    Type map, and then press ENTER. Note the drive letter that is assigned to the CD-ROM drive that contains the Windows 2000/Windows XP CD-ROM.
7.    Type the following commands, pressing ENTER after you type each one, where drive is the drive letter that you typed in step 4 of "Method 2: Use the Recovery Console," of this article:
copy drive:\i386\ntldr c:\
copy drive:\i386\ntdetect.com c:\
If you are prompted to overwrite the file, type y, and then press ENTER.
NOTE: In these commands, there is a space between the ntldr and c:\, and between ntdetect.com and c:\.
8.    Type the following command, and then press ENTER:
type c:\Boot.ini
A list similar to the following list appears:
[boot loader]
timeout=30
default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINNT
[operating systems]
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINNT="Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional" /fastdetect
If you receive the following message, the Boot.ini file may be missing or damaged:
The system cannot find the file or directory specified.
9.    If the Boot.ini file is missing or damaged, create a new one. To do so, follow these steps:
a.    Use a text editor, such as Notepad or Edit.com, to create a boot loader file similar to the following boot loader file:
b.    [boot loader]
c.    timeout=30
d.    default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINNT
e.
f.    [operating systems]
g.    multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINNT="Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional" /fastdetect
h.    Save the file to a floppy disk as Boot.ini.
NOTE: If you used Notepad to create the file, make sure that the .txt extension is not appended to the Boot.ini file name.
i.    Type the following command at the Recovery Console command prompt to copy the Boot.ini file from the floppy disk to the computer:
copy a:\Boot.ini c:\
10.    Type exit, and then press ENTER. The computer restarts.

5 Simple ways to boost your blog traffic

1. Give something away
These days, everybody want to give something free to others. Competition is so high today's world that if you want to move up you have to give something free to attract others to your blog. You can give your ideas, share your expertise and stories you have. Not always material gift is required.

2. Run a competition

You can run a competition on your blog.  Run competition about writing, graphics or even best blogs. As your readers what they like best about your blog and try to create a competition in that area. Make the requirement something that will benefit both you and the blogger, while also putting them in the running to win something. If you don’t have funds, make the prize something valuable that costs nothing to you: advertising space on your site, or a service utilizing one of your talents.

3. Write a free report

A ten page report (usually a ‘how to’ on a topic within your niche) might take a few hours to write but is something that can promote your blog in the long-term. If it’s good, people will share it around. They’ll attach it to emails and offer it as a download on their own blogs. Make sure to link back to your own blog in the report and your incoming traffic will grow exponentially as the report spreads.

4. Guest-post on a popular blog

A guest-post on a popular blog can bring dozens to hundreds of targeted hits into your site. Don’t think you could ever write for a popular blog? Think again. They key things to remember when pitching to a popular blogger is: keep it short. Don’t write the post before your pitch has been accepted. Your email should include your post idea and a headline for the piece if possible. Link to your best article to show them the kind of writing you’re capable of.

5. Comment on five popular blogs

Good post and review on most popular blogs are often viewed by thousands of people. If you’re one of the first commenters, you could have thousands of eyeballs passing over your comment. Leave an insightful or thought-provoking comment and this may motivate others to investigate you and your blog. Today, try to be one of the first to comment on posts from five different popular blogs — particularly those with active and interesting comment threads. You’re bound to get some quality traffic.

What is RSS, how it works and why it is important?

RSS is the hottest; most talked and most used technology of the Internet today. By the way, this technology is not new one, it has been there and used by bloggers since 1999. It is only recently it attracted mainstream attention and of course growth. Today almost all major websites and blogs have RSS feeds. If you have no technical background, you might be wondering what I am talking about. So let’s go to main topic straight-What is RSS?

What is RSS?

RSS is actually a short form of words "Really Simple Syndication". It also stands for “Rich Site Summary”. It is an easy way for distributing content for the website or blogs to others. You can easily distribute a list of headlines, update notices, and sometimes content to a wide number of people. It is used by computer programs that organize those headlines and notices for easy reading.

How does RSS work?

RSS works by having the website author maintain a list of notifications on their website in a standard way. This list of notifications is called an "RSS Feed". People who are interested in finding out the latest headlines or changes can check this list. Special computer programs called "RSS aggregators" have been developed that automatically access the RSS feeds of websites you care about on your behalf and organize the results for you. (RSS feeds and aggregators are also sometimes called "RSS Channels" and "RSS Readers".) Producing an RSS feed is very simple and hundreds of thousands of websites now provide this feature, including major news organizations like the New York Times, the BBC, and Reuters, as well as many weblogs.

Why RSS is Important?

Most people are interested in many websites. They are interested in change of their content in unpredictable manner. Examples of such websites are news sites, community and religious organization information pages, product information pages, medical websites, and weblogs. Repeatedly checking each website to see if there is any new content can be very tedious and time consuming. Of course you can join mailing list for that site, but how many will like reading so many emails everyday and make mailbox crowded. Furthermore organizing these mailboxes is hard and tedious. RSS is a better way to be notified of new and changed content. Notifications of changes to multiple websites are handled easily, and the results are presented to you well organized and distinct from email.

WordPress Database Backup Plugin

WordPress is database driven blogging tool. All the information you see on this page is actually brought from WordPress database. WordPress database contain about 10 tables to hold different information regarding your blog site. Keeping backup of the database becomes very crucial to avoid data loss in case of any failure. WordPress lovers have developed this beautiful plugin which do the database backup job for your automatically. Download this plugin from WordPress official site, Download Database Plugin Now, and upload it to your WordPress Plugin directory.

 Don't forget to unzip the downloaded file if it is zipped, before uploading. Login as administrator and activate the plugin. There are a variety of options to choose from.

Configuring Database Backup Plugin

Configuration of this plugin is very easy, core table of WordPress is automatically selected for backup, additional tables which are created by extra plugin you have installed can be selected as shown in figure. This blog has extra plugin installed like wp_rating, wp_statpress, etc

Selecting Backup Options

There are two backup options as shown the figure below. Either you can save the backup files on server itself in some folder or you can email you backup file to any email you configure here.

Backup Schedules

Here you can configure, how often you want to make backup of your WordPress database and which email you want to send your backup information.

Free eBook: How to Develop Money-Making Niche Sites with WordPress

WordPress is one of the most popular blogging tool. In more technical terms it is blogging Content Management System (CMS). This blogging site is using WordPress too and there are thousand of other similar blog which runs on WordPress. If you are not sure why you should use WordPress read this article 'Six great reasons for choosing WordPress for a blog'. If you are a beginner and want to learn WordPress from start in very easy steps then here is free eBook for you on WordPress. The eBook is called 'How to Develop Money-Making Niche Sites With WordPress' by Caroline Middlebrook. By the way there is difference between sites and blogs, this book explain all those terms. This book will also teach you to incorporate Google AdSense to make some cash from your site.

The ebook is 43 pages long and these are the major sections:


Chapter 1: Getting and Installing WordPress
Chapter 2: Basic WordPress Administration
Chapter 3: Installing a New Theme
Chapter 4: Setting up Adsense On Your Site
Chapter 5: WordPress Plugins
Chapter 6: Creating Your Site Content
Chapter 7: Final Thoughts
Appendix 1: Uploading Using FTP
Appendix 2: External Resources

Download this eBook

Understanding IP Subnetting

IP Address Classes

There are 5 different IP Address classes. By looking at the first 4 bits of IP address, it will determine which IP address class this belong:

Class A IP Address: Begin with bits pattern 0xxx, or 1 to 126 decimal.
Class B IP Address: Begin with bit pattern 10xx, or 128 to 191 decimal.
Class C IP Address: Begin with bit pattern 110x, or 192 to 223 decimal.
Class D IP Address: Begin with bit pattern 1110, or 224 to 239 decimal. It is reserved for multicasting
Class E IP Address: Begin with bit pattern 1111, or 240 to 254 decimal. It is reserved for future use.



Loopback Address Addresses beginning with 01111111, or 127 decimal, are reserved for loopback and for internal testing on a local machine.

Subnet Mask

A subnet mask is a 32-bit value that when compared with an IP address it distinguishes the network ID portion of the IP address from the host ID portion of the IP address. The network administrator creates a 32-bit subnet mask composed of 1s and 0s. The 1s in the subnet mask represent the positions that refer to the network or subnet addresses. Were as 0 portions in the subnet mask represent hosts or node addresses. Not all networks need subnets, meaning they use the default subnet mask. Another way, it is saying like a network does not have a subnet address. Here is IP Classes with their default subnet mask. As shown in the table below.

IP Class	Default Subnet Mask	Subnet Mask(Binary)	No of Host Bits	No of Subnet Bits
Class A	255.0.0.0	11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000	8	24
Class B	255.255.0.0	11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000	16	16
Class C	255.255.255.0	11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000	24	8

Note that default subnet masks for Classes A, B and C cannot change, that mean class C cannot have default subnet mask of Class A. For a Class A network, you can not change the first byte in a subnet mask; it must read 255.0.0.0 at a minimum. Similarly, you cannot assign 255.255.255.255, as this is all 1s a broadcast address. A Class B address must start with 255.255.0.0, and a Class C has to start with 255.255.255.0.

Subnetting IP Address

Subnetting allows you to create multiple logical networks that exist within a single Class A, B, or C network. If you do not subnet, you are only able to use one network from your Class A, B, or C network, which is unrealistic. Thus you can break a large network into smaller network called them subnet. Each network must have unique network ID. Every computer having same network ID belong to one network. If you break a major network (Class A, B, or C) into smaller subnetworks, it allows you to create a network of interconnecting subnetworks. Each data link on this network would then have a unique network/subnetwork ID. Any device, or gateway, connecting n networks/subnetworks has n distinct IP addresses, one for each network / subnetwork that it interconnects.

Lets look at the example:



As you see in the example above. The given subnet mask 255.255.255.224 is compared with class C default subnet mask 255.255.255.0 and it is found that three bits are 1s and five bits are 0s. So according to formula number of subnet =2ⁿ-2, which in this case give 2³-2=6 subnets. Similarly number of host bits is 5. So number of hosts per subnet is =2⁵-2=30 hosts. After doing AND operation with IP address and Subnet mask, as mentioned earlier gives subnet IP address that is 198.53.147.32

There are two ways to denote these masks. First, since you are using three bits more than the "natural" Class C mask, you can denote these addresses as having a 3-bit subnet mask. Or, secondly, the mask of 255.255.255.224 can also be denoted as /27 as there are 27 bits that are set in the mask. This second method is used with CIDR. Using this method, one of these networks can be described with the notation prefix/length. For example, 204.17.5.32/27 denotes the network 204.17.5.32 255.255.255.224. When appropriate the prefix/length notation is used to denote the mask throughout the rest of this document.